Is There Such Thing as a 3-Way Switch Loop? What's the Difference Between a 3-Way and a Switch Loop?

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Published 2022-10-03
As most electricians know, there are switch loops, and there are 3-way switches. But is there such a thing as a 3-way switch loop? This was a question from one of our viewers. In the latest episode of Electrician U, Dustin digs into this topic to explain how all these scenarios work.

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To understand the topic, lets layout standard switch wiring, switch loop wiring and standard 3-way switch wiring. Something to keep in mind, for ALL switches (or power sources for that matter) power must originate at the source, travel THRU the load, and return back to the source. For a standard switch, we bring the hot, neutral, and ground into the switch box. Then we run the hot, neutral, and ground up to the light fixture and wire. Pretty simple! For a switch loop, the incoming hot, neutral, and ground are run to the FIXTURE box first. The neutral and ground from that cable are wired to the fixture. Here is where we get a bit different. Another cable has to be installed from the fixture box to the switch box that has at least 3 wires. We need to take the incoming hot from our fixture box down to the switch on one of the wires and wire to one of the terminal screws on the switch. The other wire we would place on the other terminal screw and run it back up to our fixture box and wire to our light. Since 2 conductor NM cable and MC cable are traditionally white and black, we need to reidentify the white conductor for the purpose of carrying the current, so someone doesn’t get confused and receive a nasty shock! The last conductor would be for the ground.
3-way switches are a bit different as they are 2 separate locations being utilized to actuate a fixture (or series of fixtures) but with a single power source. The thing to remember here is you bring power IN on one of the switches and OUT to the fixture(s) on the other one. The switches look a bit different also in that there are 4 terminal screws on the switch. One for the ground (which doesn’t change from any other device switch) a common (which is either power IN or power OUT depending on which one you are using it for) and 2 travelers. So, power is brought in on one side of the 3-way where the incoming hot is connected to the common terminal. A 12-3 should be run between the 3-way switches where the incoming neutral is connected to the white of the cable and the ground to the ground. The other black and red wires are connected to the TRAVELER terminals on the switch. On the other 3-way switch, the common screw would be the switch leg going TO the light fixture, the traveler terminals would receive the traveler conductors from the other switch, and the neutral & ground conductor would go up to the fixture (with the hot) to actuate the light.
A 3-way switch loop is a bit different, but the principal is the same. Much like a normal switch loop, we bring the incoming hot into the fixture box. But we need to run a 12-3 type cable down to each switch location. This quantity of conductors is important as we now have the traveler conductors to deal with. So, reidentify the white conductor for both switch locations. On the side that would receive the incoming hot, connect it to the hot from source. On the side that would be the switch leg, connect it to the fixture. In both switch locations, this reidentified white wire would be hooked to the common screw. The black and red conductors would be connected to the traveler screws on the devices and then wire nutted (color to color) in the fixture box. Incoming hot and ground conductors would be hooked up to the fixture as normal! Nothing really different except there are a few other joints that can become confusing!
We hope this has been insightful! Is there a topic you would like to see discussed? Leave a comment in the comment section and let us know! Please continue to follow Dustin and Electrician U as we are constantly updating our content to assist our followers become the best they can be!!


#electrician #electrical #electricity #customers questions #terms of trade #switch loop #3-wa

All Comments (21)
  • As a 30 year vet of electrical work, It is always feed down on the white and up on the black! The reason is that when you see a white tied to a black in the ceiling you know its a down feed to the switch and the black remains a known hot that is hooked up on the device. Down on the white Up on the black!
  • @8fivezero
    Never have I ever heard this explained so elequently. As a handyman I ran into this working on my aunt's 70's townhouse when I updated the three way kitchen switches. I fumbled with this for 2 hours until I called an electrician to help. It took him about a half hour until he figured out the hot was in the light fixture and was able to wire it properly. Now I understand that this was a three way switch loop.
  • Sir, I have to tell you (from someone who never comments) that I really appreciate your teaching methods. Very straight forward, never condescending. You can teach to complete inexperienced and seasoned electricians alike. As someone who teaches and also is electrician, I must give you credit for this great work. Thank you for delivering content that actually empowers and encourages others.
  • I LOVE this content. This dude teaches the basic fundamentals of electricity better than most seasoned electricians can! I wish more people taught it like this. I feel it would definitely help apprentices better understand and therefore, engage more with the trade and to be better workers.
  • I own a 1872 house in the Boondocks that had two major add-ons done, one in the 70s and one in the 80s. After weeks of watching YouTube videos on three-way switches, you are the first to explain what I found in the boxes—only three wires in each box! All the wiring in this house has that level of craziness and nothing matches today’s instructions or code books. Sometimes, I feel that I am living in a mousetrap, even though everything works. So, thank you for your excellent explanation. Retired now, I was a vocational instructor and very much appreciate the clarity of your presentation.
  • I am a retired handyman. Love your videos. On several occasions I came across three way circuits functioning wrong. Flip one switch and the light works. Go to the second switch and nothing happens. Flip the first one back light goes out, go to the second and light comes on. Return to the first switch and nothing happens. I eventually would find the right way to change the wiring to fix it, but perhaps you might do a video showing what is going on for others here.
  • I REALLY struggled with reidentification of wires, and 3ways/4ways in general, cant express enough how much I appreciate you clarifying this stuff!!
  • Hey Dustin so I’m an old electrician I did my apprenticeship in New York and Connecticut in the late 80 and early 90 and we did tons of those and dead end 3-ways and we never reidenified the neutral and I never got called out on it because it was just the normal way to do it. Now I mark everything how times change. Your a great teacher wish there were guys like you back then it would have moved our craft way further faster keep up the great work and don’t get burned out.
  • @qapla
    Many older homes used lights with a pull-chain for the light, thus the habit of running power to the light. Then when they started using switches, they just ran the loop to the switch, often called a "dog-leg". Today, it is common to run the hot to the switch location and "loop" the light.
  • This is exactly the issue I have with my house made in 1972, I have been beating my head against the wall trying to find out what was going on with my wiring. Now I know it's a 3 way switch loop. Thank you!
  • I once owned a house that had a 3-way switch loop, and I never could quite understand what was going on. Your drawing and explanation cleared that up. Thanks for the education!
  • @staffs964
    Outstanding buddy I spent nearly a full weekend trying to fit new 3-way switches for the Mrs. Of course it was a perfect storm!... I'm Brit! now in Canada, we do it differently, just a DIY bloke, the house is almost a hundred years old with 70s wiring, no re-identification marks, and guess what, it was a 3-way, switch loop! Your video of the 3WSL was the only one I stumbled across, not knowing what to search for! I was at least gratified to hear you say that your electrician was confused. Magic, her switches now work. Thanks
  • I’ve come across this twice in California and both times I figured it out thru process of elimination. But you made it clear how the current travels. So thank you for being so informative.
  • @Whereswalter1
    I must say you have an elegant way of teaching people and it is absolutely outstanding. I did not learn anything from watching your video I knew all this already but was just Amaze how well you are able to explain this to somebody who doesn't know. Kudos to you for your teaching abilities.
  • Thanks dude, I'm a beginner and just 21 years old so having access to videos like this is awesome.
  • @wkdavistx
    You have a way of explaining things that makes it so easy to understand. 3-way switching is a complex concept to most people, but it really is simple.
  • @helmanfrow
    Hey, Dustin, very good video. You keep getting better at explaining these concepts. The digital whiteboard is a big step up. A tiny bit of constructive feedback, if I may: Even though I already thoroughly understand this material it was a little confusing to me, as a "visual learner", to follow the drawings at times. Use a coil in a circle to represent a lightbulb. The architectural symbol with its four protruding wire-looking things is unnecessarily busy. It took me a second to realize that the light fixture is supposed to be in the ceiling box and not in a different location. Consider using a light grey as a background or outline color to define the boundaries between different locations or areas. Finally, When possible redraw the conductors on the side they're entering an outlet rather than drawing in 'hops'. This will help declutter the image.
  • @DrD6452
    Before I started watching your channel anything electrical scared me so I never dared touch it and this stems back to a bad shock I got when I was 20. Now I do my own electrical (simple residential in my own places only) and licensed electricians say they like my attention to detail. You're an awesome teacher and this video is an awesome troubleshooting and explanatory video.
  • @pouraty
    This explained everything I had questions regarding 3-way. Well Done. Thank you.
  • @linbrat8275
    My house was built in 1995 in NYC! It has been a nightmare trying to upgrade to a smart home! Every switch in my home has used the white neutral as a hot, even in three ways. The switch loop that Dustin explained is exactly my scenario. Please do a video showing some fixes. I have invested so much money in smart fixtures just to have them sitting around with no solution. Dustin you are the only one I trust to show me the proper way to remedy this Mess.