Introduction and Neurotransmitters Mnemonics (Memorable Psychopharmacology Lectures 1 & 2)

Ok this needs an award. The mnemonics in this vid are so high yield I am high off it

This is terrific.  I'm a psychiatrist who, as a long-standing psychoanalyst/psychotherapist, needs a refresher course.  Thanks so much.

I passed board today. I only used these YouTube videos and the purple book and I believe these are all you need. There is another channel on YouTube the one with the light 💡that I used. I didn't buy any questions or review. Purple book I got from a friend. Thank you so much for these videos they really helped me pass. Good luck.

This is brilliant! I am a PMHNP studying for the boards. Thank you for this content.

Your video is brilliant!  I am a psychiatric nurse practitioner student and you video is a fun way to remember the actions of the neurotransmitters.

I'm a 3rd year psychology student and in the past two years I'd run away if I saw the word "neurotransmitter"... This video just made it so crystal clear. Thank you for this!

thank u..I'm a psyhchiatry resident and have been suffering with pharmacology all my life,,your videos helped me a lot and I passed pharma exams in my master's...really thank u so much

Here I am finding this 9 years later. And you are an RN student's HERO!!! Thank you!!!

thanks so much for your videos - 100 times better than the lectures i get in med school

NOTES: 3 RULES of Neurotransmission: 1. What goes up, must come down: Intoxication and Withdrawal 2. A neurotransmitter is not easily fooled: Up regulation (decrease amt. of neurotransmitter, synapse will make itself more sensitive) and Down regulation (increase the amount of neurotransmitter, synapse removes receptors, making it less sensitive to the drug), observed during drug tolerance and withdrawal, regulation of G protein and DNA 3. With great power comes great responsibility: More efficacy and More Severe side effects • full agonist mimics the effect of a neurotransmitter • a partial agonist mimics it but only to a certain lower point • an antagonist blocks the effect of a neurotransmitter • inverse agonist produces an opposite effect to the neurotransmitter Dopamine: Reward pathway located in VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA, Nucleus Accumbens is imp area - D: Drive (governs motivation and reward) - O: Psychosis (blockade mitigates some features like delusions and hallucinations) - P: Parkinsonism (decreased secretion linked to Parkinson's pathology) - A: Attention (boosting dopamine improves attention and concentration) - M: Motor (strongly linked to motor function, imbalances cause conditions like Parkinson's) - I: Inhibition of prolactin (crucial in regulating prolactin release) (prior name: Prolactin inhibiting factor) When dopamine is blocked, one side effect is milk release from the breasts. - N: Narcotics (release of dopamine plays a role in addiction) - E: Extrapyramidal (controls motor functions, blocking leads to significant motor side-effects) Serotonin: complex molecule with many roles, comes from the RAPHE NUCLEI Also known as 5-HT (5-hydroxytryptamine) - Head: Depression, anxiety, social interaction (sociality), impulsivity, sex drive, migraines, satisfaction - Red: Platelet binding and adhesion, interfering with its function cause bleeding - Fed: GI tract motility (90% of all serotonin in GI tract), nausea (serotonin blocking medications effective) Serotonin Syndrome: 2 serotonergic drugs are taken at the same time Head: Headache, Agitation, Confusion Red: Flushed, warm skin (Hyperthermia, Hypertonia, Sweating, Tachycardia) Dead: Mortality 2 to 12% Norepinephrine: LOCUS COERULEUS origin, regulates Sympathetic nervous system - Fight-or-flight response - when active, Norepinephrine lots into the brain and epinephrine peripherally into the bloodstream - Sympathetic Innervation Central (Concentration, attention, vigilance, energy) Peripheral (Tachycardia, Hypertension, Glucose, Essential organs) Brain off and on switches: Gaba (off), Glutamate (on) GABA (Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid): - Inhibitory neurotransmitter - "Gaba" association with a boring lecturer inducing sleepiness - Relaxation (breathing and muscles), euphoria, no anxiety - Drugs that enhance GABA are often used to break a seizure. Glutamate: - Excitatory neurotransmitter - Association with mating for recall Histamine: The upper brain cortex depends upon a constant stream of histamine for activation, once supply is cut off, cortex shuts down - H for hay fever - I for itching - S for sleeping Antihistamine: Itching and hay fever disappears, patient gets sleep First generation anti-histamines: (diphenhydramine or benadryl) used for sedation as they work in both central and peripheral NS Newer antihistamines: (loratadine or claritin) works peripherally therefore advertised as non-drowsy Acetylcholine (ACh): opp of Norepinephrine, responsible for regulating Parasympathetic system - A: Autonomic functions (rest and digest functions: Bradycardia, GI motility, Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination and Sexual Arousal) - C: Contraction (neuromuscular junction) drugs that affect ACH peripherally are used against neuromuscular diseases like myasthenia gravis - H: Hippocampus (memory, learning, awakeness and attention), helps combat Alzheimer’s dementia, geriatric psychiatry Opioids: - Armed Chinese man association with the Opium Wars • A: Analgesia (pain relief) • R: Respiratory depression (opioids make the respiratory center in the brain insensitive carbon dioxide so death and opioid overdoses via Ondine's curse) • M: Meiosis/ Constriction of pupils (pinpoint pupils) • E: Euphoria • D: Drowsiness • C: Constipation

Your lectures helped me ace boards and a half decade later, I still go back and watch these. Thank you sir!

This is amazing I'm so grateful. Way way easier to understand then a 2 hour lecture

Amazingly helpful for studying for my psychopharmacology course for PHMNP post graduate program. Thank you!

Discovered your channel yesterday and it's absolutely a hidden gem. I will definitely recommend your videos to my classmates.

THIS IS THE BEST MEDICAL INFORMATION CHANNEL EVER!! Me? Doubled Mastered in the health sciences from noted schools back East, worked in Medical Affairs Depts. with HUGE household name BioPharma. Oh, the stories I could tell from sitting @ board meetings. But can't tell... too many NDAs sighned!!

Thank you for linking these complicated names into easy to understand pictures and words.

I am an avid #MentalHealthAwareness advocate and performer, and I love this so much. I travel the country trying to bring that awareness on stages, in classrooms, hospitals, and on my YouTube channel, so I get excited when I see other advocates. 💙

I love your lectures! I can review over and over again. Very helpful for my Post-Masters PMHNP certificate program! Thanks!

Found a goldmine of knowledge in your channel. Thank you sir 🙏🏼

Important historical point: the Opium Wars were not fought because people wanted more access to opium, as you suggest. The Chinese tried to ban British opium sales in China to protect their citizens from addiction. The British, not wanting to lose their massive profits, started a war and forced the Chinese government to set up protected trade ports allowing them to continue shipping opium into China. Otherwise, great mnemonics and info, thank you!