Why The First Computers Were Made Out Of Light Bulbs
5,220,617
2023-05-13に共有
A huge thanks to David Lovett for showing me his awesome relay and vacuum tube based computers. Check out his YouTube channel @UsagiElectric
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References:
Herring, C., & Nichols, M. H. (1949). Thermionic emission. Reviews of modern physics, 21(2), 185. – ve42.co/Herring1949
Goldstine, H. H., & Goldstine, A. (1946). The electronic numerical integrator and computer (eniac). Mathematical Tables and Other Aids to Computation, 2(15), 97-110. – ve42.co/ENIAC
Shannon, C. E. (1938). A symbolic analysis of relay and switching circuits. Electrical Engineering, 57(12), 713-723. – ve42.co/Shannon38
Boole, G. (1847). The mathematical analysis of logic. Philosophical Library. – ve42.co/Boole1847
The world’s first general purpose computer turns 75 – ve42.co/ENIAC2
Dylla, H. F., & Corneliussen, S. T. (2005). John Ambrose Fleming and the beginning of electronics. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, 23(4), 1244-1251. – ve42.co/Dylla2005
Stibitz, G. R. (1980). Early computers. In A History of Computing in the Twentieth Century (pp. 479-483). Academic Press.
ENIAC’s Hydrogen Bomb Calculations – ve42.co/ENIAC3
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Written by Petr Lebedev, Derek Muller and Kovi Rose
Edited by Trenton Oliver
Animated by Mike Radjabov, Ivy Tello and Fabio Albertelli
Filmed by Derek Muller & Raquel Nuno
Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images & Pond5
Music from Epidemic Sound
Produced by Derek Muller, Petr Lebedev, & Emily Zhang
Thumbnail by Ignat Berbeci
コメント (21)
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Light bulbs were such a good idea, they became the symbol for good ideas
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As a Computer Engineer, I would like to thank you for illuminating the origins of my profession. This was an exceptional, historical documentary.
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I was a kid when solid-state electronics were replacing vacuum tubes in consumer products. I remember that radio and TV repair was a widespread cottage industry. The best in that field were able to adapt and stay afloat, until the advent of integrated circuits.Great video 👍👍
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The Z3 was a German electromechanical computer designed by Konrad Zuse in 1938, and completed in 1941. It was the world's first working programmable, fully automatic digital computer. The Z3 was built with 2,600 relays, implementing a 22-bit word length that operated at a clock frequency of about 5–10 Hz.
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My mind is constantly blown how far humans have come in the last 100 years. Edit: Great to see awesome comments here. The goal is to become a peaceful species to explore the cosmos. Let's overcome the great filter!
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I've lived my whole life hearing about vacuum tubes and never really knowing how they work. This was an amazing presentation connecting lightbulbs to transistors. I'm stunned.
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Dude, I’ve watched so many of your videos, and you are one of my absolute favorite channels on YouTube. Your team does such an amazing job between research, writing, producing, editing, etc… Veritasium makes GREAT content! Please keep doing what you’re doing! Thanks!
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As someone who programs, the title made absolute sense to me, as anyone who codes knows you almost never know what actually is going wrong when something does, so writing code that gives you cues of at which point the code breaks, in a more analog design, using lightbulbs as status indicators makes a lot of sense
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Seeing the progress of computers laid out in a timeline is one of the most fascinating things to me. I've probably seen/ read the story about a dozen times and it's still interesting
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As a electronics student I knew what vacuum tubes are but finding out the history behind them was super interesting.
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As a 3rd year Electrical Electronics Engineering student, I can say that this video is by far the best video that made me finally understand all these theoretical concepts we took in our lessons, you are a true genius
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I have been a H/W engineer since 1978. I remember developing both analog and digital computers in school. Amazing how far we have come since then.
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Interesting trivia: The first "computer bug" was a literal moth stuck in a relay in one of these relay calculators!
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the best thing is that vaccum tubes are making a come back for spacetravel and stuff like that
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The fact that we took this half adder concept and basically rode it to modern computing, the internet, and even AI...never stops blowing my mind! It's all still just a bunch of switches tricking electrons into doing math for us!
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I have to give mad props to your editor/animator(s). They do such a tremendous job distilling your scripts into visual language even though we all know none of this is actually classical mechanics at its roots. The classicality of it is emergent and the art style helps with that even though it is not explicitly said.
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Mad props to Veritassium for explaining such a complex subject in such a simplified manner. Brilliant!
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This is a terrific history of vacuum tubes and their use in computers before transistors. Perhaps qubits will replace transistors and the next generation will look at “why the past computers were made out of transistors”.
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Room 100 at the Moore School was the home of ENIAC. It was so large that it has become multiple classrooms and a small display of some ENIAC parts. When I was studying electrical engineering in the early 80's, it was customary to turn the knobs of the control unit that at the time was sadly abandoned and only recognized by a few of us.
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I have never seen the development of computers explained this fundamentally before. Thank you.
